{"id":12019,"date":"2021-07-27T15:00:34","date_gmt":"2021-07-27T13:00:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/evajura.com\/?post_type=dossiers&p=12019"},"modified":"2021-07-27T16:12:50","modified_gmt":"2021-07-27T14:12:50","slug":"dossier-de-lete-la-luzerne","status":"publish","type":"dossiers","link":"https:\/\/evajura.com\/en\/dossiers\/dossier-de-lete-la-luzerne\/","title":{"rendered":"DOSSIER DE L’\u00c9T\u00c9 – LA LUZERNE"},"content":{"rendered":"

A la d\u00e9couverte des esp\u00e8ces fourrag\u00e8res alternatives… La Luzerne<\/h2>\n

La luzerne est un fourrage riche en prot\u00e9ines qui pr\u00e9sente une bonne pousse estivale. Lorsque les conditions m\u00e9t\u00e9o sont bonnes et que la fauche est bien men\u00e9e, le rendement peut \u00eatre tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9 (jusqu\u2019\u00e0 15 tMS\/ha). Elle permet une bonne structuration du sol et a un effet tampon dans la ration. Cependant, elle n\u2019est pas implantable partout\u00a0: elle est sensible aux sols compact\u00e9s et trop acides et son implantation est lente. La luzerne peut \u00eatre p\u00e2tur\u00e9e mais attention aux risques de m\u00e9t\u00e9orisation (il est donc conseill\u00e9 de l\u2019utiliser en m\u00e9lange). Elle est \u00e9galement assez sensible au pi\u00e9tinement.<\/p>\n

Semis et exploitation<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

Il est int\u00e9ressant de faire une analyse de sol avant implantation. La luzerne n\u2019appr\u00e9cie pas trop les sols acides mais une implantation est possible dans un sol \u00e0 pH inf\u00e9rieur \u00e0 6,5 si une inoculation de rhizobiums est r\u00e9alis\u00e9e. L\u2019inoculation est \u00e9galement conseill\u00e9e lors de rotations longues, quand la luzerne a \u00e9t\u00e9 absente pendant plus de 10 ans. Cependant, le temps de retour conseill\u00e9 est d\u2019au moins 5 ans (id\u00e9alement 7 ans) pour limiter les risques parasitaires et l\u2019autotoxicit\u00e9 (la luzerne produit une toxine emp\u00eachant la germination de ses propres semences). La densit\u00e9 de semis conseill\u00e9e est de 25 kg\/ha.<\/p>\n

Les besoins de la luzerne sont nombreux\u00a0: phosphore, potasse, calcium, soufre, magn\u00e9sium, bore, molybd\u00e8ne, mangan\u00e8se. Il est recommand\u00e9 d\u2019apporter 150 \u00e0 250 unit\u00e9s de potasse (fractionnement si >200 U) sous forme de sulfate de pr\u00e9f\u00e9rence.<\/p>\n

La fauche de la luzerne est d\u00e9licate. Les feuilles contiennent 70% des prot\u00e9ines et 90% des vitamines et min\u00e9raux de la plante, il faut donc en pr\u00e9server un maximum. Il est important de faucher le matin apr\u00e8s la lev\u00e9e de la ros\u00e9e pour que la luzerne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d\u2019une journ\u00e9e compl\u00e8te de s\u00e9chage au sol sans manipulation.<\/p>\n

La premi\u00e8re fauche peut \u00eatre r\u00e9alis\u00e9e d\u00e8s l\u2019apparition des bourgeons pour un compromis entre rendement et qualit\u00e9 optimal. Ensuite, une fauche pourra \u00eatre r\u00e9alis\u00e9e toutes les 6 semaines. Il faut laisser fleurir la luzerne une fois par an pour lui permettre de reconstituer ses r\u00e9serves (10% des fleurs suffisent). Il est conseill\u00e9 de laisser fleurir lors de la 3\u00e8me<\/sup> coupe, car c\u2019est la coupe la moins productive.<\/p>\n

Valeur alimentaire et int\u00e9gration dans la ration<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

La luzerne pr\u00e9sente une tr\u00e8s bonne valeur azot\u00e9e (MAT > 20%). Le ratio PDI<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":12032,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[181,36],"tags":[182,99,187],"class_list":["post-12019","dossiers","type-dossiers","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dossier-de-lete-services","category-services","tag-dossier-de-lete","tag-eva-jura","tag-luzerne"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nDOSSIER DE L'\u00c9T\u00c9 - LA LUZERNE - Eva Jura<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Un nouveau num\u00e9ro du dossier de l'\u00e9t\u00e9 avec La luzerne qui est un fourrage riche en prot\u00e9ines qui pr\u00e9sente une bonne pousse estivale.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/evajura.com\/dossiers\/dossier-de-lete-la-luzerne\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"DOSSIER DE L'\u00c9T\u00c9 - 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