{"id":14016,"date":"2022-04-04T13:21:11","date_gmt":"2022-04-04T11:21:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/evajura.com\/?post_type=actualites&p=14016"},"modified":"2022-04-04T13:41:36","modified_gmt":"2022-04-04T11:41:36","slug":"degats-de-campagnols","status":"publish","type":"actualites","link":"https:\/\/evajura.com\/en\/actualites\/degats-de-campagnols\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u00e9g\u00e2ts des campagnols"},"content":{"rendered":"

La transition vers le printemps et la fonte de la neige en altitude r\u00e9v\u00e8lent les premiers d\u00e9g\u00e2ts caus\u00e9s par les campagnols. Certaines zones sont tr\u00e8s infest\u00e9es et laissent pr\u00e9sager une saison de p\u00e2ture et de fauche particuli\u00e8rement compliqu\u00e9es. M\u00eame si l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2021 a permis la constitution de stocks de fourrages cons\u00e9quents, ces derniers ne seront peut-\u00eatre pas suffisants pour faire face dans les zones les plus touch\u00e9es.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Les campagnols terrestres sont les principaux ravageurs des prairies, en particulier des prairies permanentes. Ils se nourrissent des racines des plantes, d\u00e9truisant le couvert en place. \u00a0En conditions favorables (pr\u00e9sence de galeries, absence de pr\u00e9dateurs ou de maladies, bonnes conditions climatiques\u2026) leur reproduction est explosive\u00a0: un couple au printemps pourra g\u00e9n\u00e9rer 100 individus \u00e0 l\u2019automne. Ces ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes de pullulation sont cycliques. La dur\u00e9e d\u2019un cycle est de 5 \u00e0 7 ans, dont 2 ans de pic de pullulation. Durant ces phases, il est possible d\u2019observer la destruction partielle ou totale des prairies touch\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

Comment lutter efficacement\u00a0contre les campagnols\u00a0?<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n

Il existe plusieurs leviers pour lutter contre les campagnols, notamment celui de favoriser la pr\u00e9dation naturelle\u00a0: belette, hermine, renard, chat sauvage, buse variable, chouette effraie, h\u00e9ron cendr\u00e9\u2026 Il s\u2019agira alors de maintenir ou d\u2019implanter des zones bois\u00e9es, de mettre en place des perchoirs mais aussi de chercher une v\u00e9g\u00e9tation plut\u00f4t rase \u00e0 l\u2019automne (par le p\u00e2turage ou la fauche) afin de favoriser l\u2019acc\u00e8s des pr\u00e9dateurs.<\/p>\n

Le type d\u2019exploitation de la prairie a aussi son importance. L\u2019alternance fauche\/p\u00e2ture est notamment pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable \u00e0 la fauche seule. Le pi\u00e9tinement des animaux va favoriser l\u2019effondrement des galeries, de m\u00eame que le(s) passage(s) d\u2019un rouleau s\u2019il n\u2019est pas possible de faire p\u00e2turer les animaux.<\/p>\n

La lutte directe par pi\u00e9geage est aussi envisageable, \u00e0 condition que la population ne soit pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 trop d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

La r\u00e9ussite de ces m\u00e9thodes se joue aussi dans la p\u00e9riode d\u2019action<\/strong>. Il est n\u00e9cessaire d\u2019agir au plus t\u00f4t, en sortie d\u2019hiver, avant le d\u00e9but de la phase de reproduction. Une intervention en pleine phase de pullulation sera couteuse et inefficace. Pr\u00e9f\u00e9rez une mise \u00e0 l\u2019herbe pr\u00e9coce des animaux (d\u00e8s que la portance le permet) dans le cas du p\u00e2turage.<\/p>\n

Que faire en phase de pullulation\u00a0?<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n

Malheureusement, en phase de pullulation il n\u2019est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement plus possible d\u2019agir efficacement. Il s\u2019agira alors de r\u00e9parer les d\u00e9g\u00e2ts occasionn\u00e9s sur la prairie en pratiquant le sursemis ou le resemis de la parcelle (quand c\u2019est possible). Cela peut \u00eatre l\u2019occasion de gagner en qualit\u00e9 de flore sur des prairies d\u00e9grad\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

Plusieurs points de vigilance sont \u00e0 prendre en compte avant d\u2019investir dans la r\u00e9paration de la prairie. Il sera n\u00e9cessaire d\u2019identifier si la phase de pullulation des campagnols est termin\u00e9e ou non. Dans le cas o\u00f9 elle ne le serait pas, d\u2019autres d\u00e9g\u00e2ts les ann\u00e9es suivantes seront \u00e0 pr\u00e9voir. Il faudra alors pr\u00e9f\u00e9rer un sursemis \u00ab\u00a0provisoire\u00a0\u00bb, en utilisant des esp\u00e8ces en pur ou des associations simples de courte-dur\u00e9e. Celles-ci sont moins couteuses et permettront tout de m\u00eame de gagner en valeur alimentaire. La r\u00e9novation de la prairie avec des m\u00e9langes plus complets sera possible en phase de \u00ab\u00a0d\u00e9clin\u00a0\u00bb (apr\u00e8s la pullulation). Le choix des esp\u00e8ces \u00e0 implanter devra quoiqu\u2019il en soit prendre en compte la flore restante, le mode d\u2019exploitation de la parcelle et les conditions du milieu.<\/p>\n

Les techniques et le soin \u00e0 adopter au semis ou sursemis seront \u00e0 r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir en fonction des d\u00e9g\u00e2ts occasionn\u00e9s sur la parcelle. Plus la parcelle sera touch\u00e9e, plus il faudra apporter de rigueur et de moyens \u00e0 l\u2019implantation.<\/p>\n

Comme toute intervention de ce type, la r\u00e9ussite d\u00e9pendra tout autant des conditions m\u00e9t\u00e9o post-semis ou sursemis. Pari risqu\u00e9 donc, mais qui peut s\u2019av\u00e9rer gagnant.<\/p>\n

Lucie BLANC, Conseill\u00e8re technique d\u2019\u00e9levage et sp\u00e9cialiste prairie<\/p>\n

Sources\u00a0: ADCF, Agridea<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":14017,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[36],"tags":[199,99,128],"class_list":["post-14016","actualites","type-actualites","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-services","tag-campagnol","tag-eva-jura","tag-service"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nD\u00e9g\u00e2ts des campagnols - Eva Jura<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/evajura.com\/de\/actualites\/degats-de-campagnols\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"D\u00e9g\u00e2ts des campagnols - Eva Jura\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La transition vers le printemps et la fonte de la neige en altitude r\u00e9v\u00e8lent les premiers d\u00e9g\u00e2ts caus\u00e9s par les campagnols. 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