{"id":11045,"date":"2021-05-11T16:18:34","date_gmt":"2021-05-11T14:18:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/evajura.com\/?post_type=actualites&p=11045"},"modified":"2022-02-03T15:02:32","modified_gmt":"2022-02-03T14:02:32","slug":"observer-lherbe-sous-les-tropiques","status":"publish","type":"actualites","link":"https:\/\/evajura.com\/en\/actualites\/observer-lherbe-sous-les-tropiques\/","title":{"rendered":"Observer l’herbe sous les tropiques"},"content":{"rendered":"

Avant d\u2019\u00eatre conseill\u00e8re chez Eva Jura, j\u2019ai travaill\u00e9 2 ans au Cirad \u00e0 la R\u00e9union sur un projet europ\u00e9en d\u2019adaptation des \u00e9levages de ruminants aux changements globaux dans l\u2019Oc\u00e9an Indien. Voici mon retour d\u2019exp\u00e9rience.<\/h3>\n

L\u2019\u00e9levage bovin se d\u00e9veloppe sur l\u2019\u00cele de la R\u00e9union depuis les ann\u00e9es 1980. En altitude, le climat tropical humide permet une production d\u2019herbe toute l\u2019ann\u00e9e mais contrast\u00e9e selon la saison. Les reliefs, tr\u00e8s escarp\u00e9s, rendent bon nombre de parcelles inadapt\u00e9es \u00e0 la fauche, ce qui complique la constitution de stocks fourragers pour l\u2019hiver. Le caract\u00e8re insulaire (importation de tous les aliments concentr\u00e9s) et le contexte actuel de changement climatique n\u00e9cessitent \u00e9galement une meilleure valorisation des prairies. La connaissance des syst\u00e8mes herbagers de la R\u00e9union \u00e9tant encore limit\u00e9e, un observatoire de la pousse de l\u2019herbe a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en place en 2017 par l\u2019Association R\u00e9unionnaise de Pastoralisme en partenariat avec le Cirad. Des sp\u00e9cialistes de la gestion de l\u2019herbe accompagnent ce projet, s\u2019appuyant notamment sur l\u2019observatoire de Franche-Comt\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9 de longue date.<\/p>\n\"\"\n

Le premier objectif de l\u2019observatoire r\u00e9unionnais est de comprendre les dynamiques de pousse de l\u2019herbe en milieu tropical humide. Pour ce faire, un zonage repr\u00e9sentatif des \u00e9levages p\u00e2turant a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9. Les trois zones choisies pr\u00e9sentent de fortes variabilit\u00e9s d\u2019altitude, de climat et de composition floristique. Les principales gramin\u00e9es rencontr\u00e9es sont tropicales (kikuyu, chloris) ; certaines prairies comptent \u00e9galement des esp\u00e8ces temp\u00e9r\u00e9es (ray-grass, dactyle, brome, tr\u00e8fle blanc). Le protocole RMT prairies, r\u00e9f\u00e9rentiel national de l\u2019Institut de l\u2019Elevage, a \u00e9t\u00e9 adapt\u00e9 au contexte de l\u2019\u00eele (p\u00e2turage toute l\u2019ann\u00e9e). Cinq op\u00e9rateurs r\u00e9alisent le suivi hebdomadaire des croissances et des densit\u00e9s d\u2019herbe sur une soixantaine de parcelles r\u00e9parties sur huit exploitations. Apr\u00e8s s\u00e9chage, la valeur alimentaire de l\u2019herbe est analys\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019aide de la spectrom\u00e9trie proche infrarouge (SPIR). Le stock d\u2019herbe disponible et les jours d\u2019avance sont calcul\u00e9s et communiqu\u00e9s aux \u00e9leveurs du r\u00e9seau dans un compte-rendu hebdomadaire personnalis\u00e9. Il permet d\u2019aider \u00e0 la d\u00e9cision d\u2019orientation d\u2019usage de la prairie (fauche vs p\u00e2ture) et de d\u00e9terminer la dur\u00e9e optimale de p\u00e2turage. Les \u00e9leveurs et les conseillers re\u00e7oivent \u00e9galement un bulletin mensuel pr\u00e9sentant les moyennes r\u00e9gionales de croissance de l\u2019herbe associ\u00e9es \u00e0 des conseils de gestion des prairies.<\/p>\n

Les r\u00e9sultats actuels sont encourageants et feront l\u2019objet d\u2019une pr\u00e9sentation sous forme de poster aux Journ\u00e9es de l\u2019AFPF 2020. Le projet se poursuit avec, entre autres, la perspective de caract\u00e9riser la densit\u00e9 de l\u2019herbe gr\u00e2ce au traitement d\u2019images prises par drone.<\/h3>\n

Article EVAMAG 13 – Jeanne AVERNA, Conseill\u00e8re EVA Jura<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\"\"\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":11046,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[36],"tags":[99,128],"class_list":["post-11045","actualites","type-actualites","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-services","tag-eva-jura","tag-service"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nObserver l'herbe sous les tropiques - Eva Jura<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/evajura.com\/de\/actualites\/observer-lherbe-sous-les-tropiques\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Observer l'herbe sous les tropiques - Eva Jura\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Avant d\u2019\u00eatre conseill\u00e8re chez Eva Jura, j\u2019ai travaill\u00e9 2 ans au Cirad \u00e0 la R\u00e9union sur un projet europ\u00e9en d\u2019adaptation des \u00e9levages de ruminants aux changements globaux dans l\u2019Oc\u00e9an Indien. 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